Wadi Howar ( Wadi Howa or Yellow Nile) is a wadi in Sudan and Chad.
Geography
Originating in the
Ennedi Region of
Chad Wadi Howar runs through the Sudanese states of
North Darfur and Northern to join the Nile north of the great bend opposite
Old Dongola. Stretching over 1100 km
in west–east direction across the southern fringes of the
Libyan Desert, it ordinarily receives 25 mm of rainfall per year.
Holocene period
Wadi Howar is the remnant of the ancient
Yellow Nile, a tributary of the
Nile during the African humid period from about 9500 to 4500 years ago. At that time,
savanna fauna and cattle
occupied this region and the southern edge of the
Sahara was some further north than it is today.
[ When the Sahara underwent desertification between 6000 and 4000 years ago, the wadi first became a chain of freshwater lakes and marshes, as shown by Ptolemy's world map, then it became extinct about 2000 years ago.][
]
Archaeology
Abundant prehistoric sites certify Wadi Howar as a once ecologically favoured area of settlement and a communication route between the inner regions of Africa and the Nile Valley.[ The hitherto most thoroughly investigated archaeological site in the wadi is Gala Abu Ahmed.
]
See also
